Patti Page kicked things off with what would become the decade's biggest hit, "Tennessee Waltz." Her other hits from this period included: "Mister and Mississippi," "Mockin' Bird Hill," "Detour," "(How Much Is That) Doggie in the Window," and "Old Cape Cod." Frankie Laine's 1949 hits, "That Lucky Old Sun (Just Rolls Around Heaven All Day)" and "Mule Train," were still riding high on the charts when the decade began. He continued to score with such hits as: "Georgia on My Mind," "Cry of the Wild Goose," "Jezebel," "Rose, Rose, I Love You," "Jealousy (Jalousie)," "High Noon (Do Not Forsake Me)," "I Believe," "Granada," "Moonlight Gambler," and "Rawhide." Johnnie Ray had a long run of hits in the early half of the decade, often backed by The Four Lads, including: "Cry," "The Little White Cloud That Cried," "Walking My Baby Back Home," "Please, Mr. Sun," and "Just Walkin' in the Rain." The Four Lads racked up some hits on their own with "Who Needs You," "No, Not Much," "Standin' on the Corner," and "Moments to Remember." Nat "King" Cole dominated the charts throughout the decade with such timeless classics as "Unforgettable," "Mona Lisa," "Too Young," "Darling, Je Vous Aime Beaucoup," "Pretend," "Smile," and "A Blossom Fell." Perry Como was another frequent visitor to the charts with hits like: "If," "Round and Round," "Don't Let the Stars Get in Your Eyes," "Tina Marie," "Papa Loves Mambo," and "Catch a Falling Star." Other major stars in the early 1950s included Frank Sinatra ("Young at Heart," "Three Coins in the Fountain," "Witchcraft"), Tony Bennett ("Cold, Cold Heart," "Because of You," "Rags to Riches"), Kay Starr ("Bonaparte's Retreat," "Wheel of Fortune," "Rock and Roll Waltz"), Rosemary Clooney ("Come On-a My House," "Mambo Italiano," "Half as Much," "This Ole House"), Dean Martin ("That's Amore," "Return to Me," "Sway"), Georgia Gibbs ("Kiss of Fire," "Dance With Me, Henry," "Tweedle Dee"), Eddie Fisher ("Anytime," "Wish You Were Here," "Thinking of You," "I'm Walking Behind You," "Oh! My Pa-Pa," "Fanny"), Teresa Brewer ("Music! Music! Music!," "Till I Waltz Again With You," "Ricochet(Rick-O-Shay)"), Doris Day ("Secret Love," "Whatever Will Be Will Be (Que Sera Sera)," "Teacher's Pet"), Guy Mitchell ("My Heart Cries for You," "The Roving Kind," "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania," "Singing the Blues"), Bing Crosby ("Play a Simple Melody with son Gary Crosby, "True Love with Grace Kelly), Dinah Shore ("Lavender Blue"), Kitty Kallen ("Little Things Mean a Lot"), Joni James ("Have You Heard," "Wishing Ring," "Your Cheatin' Heart"), Peggy Lee ("Lover," "Fever"), Julie London ("Cry Me a River"), Toni Arden ("Padre"), June Valli ("Why Don't You Believe Me"), Arthur Godfrey ("Slowpoke"), Tennessee Ernie Ford ("Sixteen Tons"), Les Paul and Mary Ford ("Vaya Con Dios," "Tiger Rag"), and vocal groups like The Mills Brothers ("Glow Worm"), The Weavers "(Goodnight Irene"), The Four Aces ("Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing", "(It's No) Sin"), The Chordettes ("Mister Sandman"), Fontane Sisters ("Hearts of Stone"), The Hilltoppers ("Trying," "P.S. I Love You"), The McGuire Sisters ("Sincerely," "Goodnite, Sweetheart, Goodnite," "Sugartime") and The Ames Brothers ("Ragmop" "The Naughty Lady of Shady Lane"). Classic pop declined in popularity as Rock and roll entered the mainstream and became a major force in American record sales. Crooners such as Eddie Fisher, Perry Como, and Patti Page, who had dominated the first half of the decade, found their access to the pop charts significantly curtailed by the decade's end. However, new Pop vocalists continued to rise to prominence throughout the decade, many of whom started out singing Rock ‘n’ Roll. These include: Pat Boone ("Don’t Forbid Me," "April Love," "Love Letters in the Sand"), Connie Francis ("Who’s Sorry Now," "Among My Souvenirs," "My Happiness"), Gogi Grant ("Suddenly There’s a Valley," "The Wayward Wind"), Bobby Darin ("Dream Lover," "Beyond the Sea," "Mack the Knife"), and Andy Williams ("Canadian Sunset," "Butterfly," "Hawaiian Wedding Song"). Even Rock ‘n’ Roll icon Elvis Presley spent the rest of his career alternating between Pop and Rock ("Love Me Tender," "Loving You," "I Love You Because"). Pop would resurface on the charts in the mid-1960s as "Adult Contemporary." Bebop, Hard bop, Cool jazz and the Blues gained popularity during the 1950s while prominent Jazz musicians who came into prominence in these genres included Lester Young, Ben Webster, Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Thelonious Monk, Charles Mingus, Art Tatum, Bill Evans, Ahmad Jamal, Oscar Peterson, Gil Evans, Jerry Mulligan, Cannonball Adderley, Stan Getz, Chet Baker, Dave Brubeck, Art Blakey, Max Roach, the Miles Davis Quintet, the Modern Jazz Quartet, Ella Fitzgerald, Ray Charles, Sarah Vaughn, Dinah Washington, Nina Simone, and Billie Holiday. Bill Haley of Bill Haley and the Comets singing Rock Around the Clock, 1955 Elvis Presley in a publicity photo for Jailhouse Rock (1957) Chuck Berry in 1957 Fats Domino singing Blueberry Hill on The Alan Freed Show c. 1956 Marian Anderson Paul Anka Louis Armstrong Harry Belafonte Tony Bennett Chuck Berry The Big Bopper Pat Boone Jackie Brenston Teresa Brewer Roy Brown Dave Brubeck Sam Butera Maria Callas Johnny Cash Ray Charles Lou Christie June Christy Rosemary Clooney Eddie Cochran Nat "King" Cole John Coltrane Perry Como Pee Wee Crayton Bing Crosby Gary Crosby Dalida Bobby Darin Miles Davis Bobby Day Doris Day Bo Diddley Willie Dixon Carl Dobkins, Jr. Fats Domino Eddie Fisher Ella Fitzgerald Connie Francis Mary Ford Tennessee Ernie Ford Billy Fury Georgia Gibbs Dizzy Gillespie Arthur Godfrey Benny Goodman Gogi Grant Jack Guthrie Homer Harris Wynonie Harris Roy Hamilton Lionel Hampton Al Hibbler Earl Hines Billie Holliday Buddy Holly John Lee Johnny Horton Bull Moose Jackson Mahalia Jackson Elmore James Etta James Joni James Sonny James Waylon Jennings Jimmy Jones Louis Jordan Kitty Kallen Chris Kenner B.B. King Ben E. King Saunders King Gene Krupa Frankie Laine Mario Lanza Brenda Lee Peggy Lee Jerry Lee Lewis Little Willie Littlefield Julie London Dean Martin Johnny Mathis Skeets McDonald Amos Milburn Chuck Miller Mitch Miller Guy Mitchell Charles Mingus Thelonious Monk Vaughn Monroe Rose Murphy Jimmy Nelson Ricky Nelson Donald O'Conner Odetta Gene O'Quin Roy Orbison Johnny Otis Patti Page Charlie Parker Les Paul Art Pepper Carl Perkins Elvis Presley Johnny Preston Jimmy Preston Lloyd Price Louis Prima Johnnie Ray Jerry Reed Django Reinhardt Buddy Rich Little Richard Max Roach Marty Robbins Jimmie Rodgers Neil Sedaka Pete Seeger Dinah Shore Frank Sinatra Kay Starr Joan Sutherland Art Tatum Big Mama Thornton Johnny Tillotson Merle Travis Big Joe Turner Ike Turner Ritchie Valens Gene Vincent T-Bone Walker Mercy Dee Walton Muddy Waters Josh White Andy Williams Hank Williams Otis Williams Howlin' Wolf The Ames Brothers The Andrews Sisters Little Anthony and the Imperials Dave Appell & the Applejacks The Bosstones The Cadillacs The Capris The Coasters The Champs Otis Williams and the Charms The Chimes The Chips The Chordettes The Chords The Clovers The Collegians The Counts The Crew Cuts The Crows Danny & the Juniors Jan & Dean The Dells The Del-Satins Del-Vikings Deep River Boys The Dubs The Duprees The Diamonds Dion & The Belmonts The Drifters The Echoes The El Dorados The Elegants The Emotions The Everly Brothers The Falcons The Flamingos The Flairs The Fleetwoods The Five Discs The Five Keys The Five Sharps The Fontane Sisters The Four Aces The Four Freshmen The Four Lads The Four Lovers The Four Preps The Four Tunes The G-Clefs Bill Haley and the Comets The Harptones The Heathertones The Hilltoppers The Hollywood Flames The Impalas The Ink Spots The Jive Five The Kingston Trio The Larks Frankie Lymon & The Teenagers The McGuire Sisters The Mello-Kings The Mills Brothers The Monotones The Moonglows The Mystics The Orioles The Penguins The Platters The Quarrymen The Quotations The Ravens The Regents The Robins The Spaniels Sparkletone The Stereos The Swallows Mickey & Sylvia Tátrai Quartet The Virtues Billy Ward & The Dominoes The Wrens Maurice Williams and the Zodiacs Windsbacher Knabenchor Popular music in the early 1950s was essentially a continuation of the crooner sound of the previous decade. Frank Sinatra, Tony Bennett, Frankie Laine, Patti Page, Judy Garland, Johnnie Ray, Kay Starr, Perry Como, Bing Crosby, Rosemary Clooney, Dean Martin, Georgia Gibbs, Eddie Fisher, Teresa Brewer, Dinah Shore, Kitty Kallen, Joni James, Peggy Lee, Julie London, Toni Arden, June Valli, Doris Day, Arthur Godfrey, Tennessee Ernie Ford, Guy Mitchell, Nat King Cole, and vocal groups like The Mills Brothers, The Ink Spots, The Four Lads, The Four Aces, The Chordettes, Fontane Sisters, The Hilltoppers and The Ames Brothers. Jo Stafford's You Belong To Me was the #1 song of 1952 on the Billboard Top 100 chart. Rock-n-Roll emerged in the mid-50s with Sam Cooke, Jackie Wilson, Gene Vincent, Chuck Berry, Fats Domino, Little Richard, James Brown, Bo Diddley, Buddy Holly, Bobby Darin, Ritchie Valens, Duane Eddy, Eddie Cochran, Brenda Lee, Bobby Vee, Connie Frances, Johnny Mathis, Neil Sedaka, Pat Boone and Ricky Nelson being notable exponents. In the mid-1950s, Elvis Presley became the leading figure of the newly popular sound of rock and roll with a series of network television appearances and chart-topping records. Chuck Berry, with "Maybellene" (1955), "Roll over Beethoven" (1956), "Rock and Roll Music" (1957) and "Johnny B. Goode" (1958), refined and developed the major elements that made rock and roll distinctive, focusing on teen life and introducing guitar solos and showmanship that would be a major influence on subsequent rock music. Bill Haley, Jerry Lee Lewis, the Everly Brothers, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash, Conway Twitty, Johnny Horton, and Marty Robbins were Rockabilly musicians. Doo was another popular genre at the time. Popular Doo and Rock-n-Roll bands of the mid to late 1950s include The Platters, The Flamingos, The Dells, The Silhouettes, Frankie Lymon and The Teenagers, Little Anthony & The Imperials, Danny and the Juniors, The Coasters, The Drifters, The Del-Vikings and Dion and the Belmonts. ArtistAl Martino Artist Jo Stafford Kay Starr Eddie Fisher Perry Como Guy Mitchell The Stargazers Lita Roza Frankie Laine Eddie Fisher Frankie Laine Mantovani Frankie Laine Guy Mitchell Frankie Laine David Whitfield Frankie Laine David Whitfield Artist Eddie Calvert The Stargazers Doris Day The Stargazers Johnnie Ray Doris Day David Whitfield Kitty Kallen Frank Sinatra Don Cornell Vera Lynn Don Cornell Rosemary Clooney Winifred Atwell Artist Dickie Valentine Rosemary Clooney Dickie Valentine Rosemary Clooney Ruby Murray Tennessee Ernie Ford Perez "Prez" Prado and his OrchestraTony Bennett Eddie Calvert Jimmy Young Alma Cogan Slim Whitman Jimmy Young Johnston Brothers Bill Haley & His Comets Dickie Valentine Artist Bill Haley & His Comets Tennessee Ernie Ford Dean Martin The Dream Weavers Kay Starr with the  Winterhalter OrchestraThe Dream Weavers Winifred Atwell Ronnie Hilton Pat Boone Frankie Lymon and The TeenagersDoris Day Anne Shelton Frankie Laine Johnnie Ray Artist Guy Mitchell Tommy Steele Guy Mitchell Frankie Vaughan Guy Mitchell Tab Hunter Lonnie Donegan Guy Mitchell Andy Williams Johnnie Ray Lonnie Donegan Elvis Presley Paul Anka The Crickets Harry Belafonte Artist Jerry Lee Lewis Elvis Presley Michael Holliday Perry Como Marvin Rainwater Connie Francis Vic Damone The Everly Brothers The Kalin Twins Connie Francis Tommy Edwards Lord Rockingham's XI Conway Twitty Artist Jane Morgan Elvis Presley Shirley Bassey with Wally Stott & His OrchestraThe Platters Russ Conway Buddy Holly Elvis Presley Russ Conway Bobby Darin Cliff Richard and The ShadowsCraig Douglas Jerry Keller Bobby Darin Cliff Richard and The ShadowsAdam Faith Emile Ford and the Checkmates Bill Haley & His Comets Paul Anka Harry Belafonte Emile Ford &The CheckmatesElvis Presley Adam Faith Cliff Richard &The DriftersElvis Presley Pat Boone Buddy Holly Bob Dylan with Joan Baez during the civil rights "March on Washington", 28 August 1963 John Lennon rehearsing Give Peace A Chance, in Canada, 1969 Johnny Cash, in front of his home in Hendersonville, Tennessee, 1969 Paul Anka Louis Armstrong Joan Baez Syd Barrett The Beatles Harry Belafonte Chuck Berry Johnny Cash Mama Cass Eric Clapton Leonard Cohen Judy Collins John Coltrane Sam Cooke David Crosby Roger Daltrey Bobby Darin Miles Davis Donovan Judith Durham Bob Dylan John Entwistle Ella Fitzgerald John Fogerty Jerry Garcia Lesley Gore George Harrison Jimi Hendrix Mick Jagger Brian Jones Janis Joplin Freddie King Kris Kristofferson John Lennon Phil Lesh Ray Manzarek Bob Marley Dean Martin Paul McCartney Freddie Mercury Joni Mitchell Keith Moon Jim Morrison Van Morrison Ricky Nelson Bob Neuwirth Odetta Jimmy Page Pink Floyd Robert Plant Art Pepper Elvis Presley Billy Preston The Rascals Lou Reed Cliff Richard Keith Richards Diana Ross Jimmie Rodgers Neil Sedaka The Shadows Pete Seeger Paul Simon Frank Sinatra Grace Slick Dusty Springfield Ringo Starr Stephen Stills Karlheinz Stockhausen Sly Stone Pete Townshend Bob Weir Andy Williams Brian Wilson Neil Young Frank Zappa Joao Gilberto Astrud Gilberto Sonny & Cher The Beatles The Beatles Ken Dodd The Beatles The Beatles The Seekers The Beatles Engelbert Humperdinck Elvis Presley Tom Jones Engelbert Humperdinck Acker Bilk Frank Ifield Cliff Richard andThe ShadowsThe Archies Cliff Richard andThe ShadowsThe Tornados The Beatles Rolf Harris The Beatles The Beatles Engelbert Humperdinck The Beatles The Everly Brothers The Dave Clark Five The Searchers Cilla Black The Shadows Frank Ifield Frank Sinatra Jim Reeves Gerry and the Pacemakers The Beatles andBilly PrestonThe Beatles Frank Sinatra The Rolling Stones Elvis Presley The Seekers The Allisons The Beatles The Monkees The Beatles The Rolling Stones The Beatles Mary Hopkin The Beatles Elvis Presley The Rolling Stones Tom Jones The Rolling Stones The Beatles The Beatles Jim Reeves Cliff Richard andThe ShadowsRoy Orbison Jim Reeves The Beatles Elvis Presley Tom Jones The Rolling Stones ArtistMichael Holliday Anthony Newley Adam Faith Johnny Preston Lonnie Donegan Anthony Newley The Everly Brothers Eddie Cochran Jimmy Jones Cliff Richard andThe ShadowsJohnny Kidd & The Pirates Cliff Richard andThe ShadowsThe Shadows Ricky Valance Roy Orbison Elvis Presley Cliff Richard andThe ShadowsArtist Johnny Tillotson Elvis Presley Petula Clark The Everly Brothers Elvis Presley The Marcels Floyd Cramer The Temperance Seven Elvis Presley Del Shannon The Everly Brothers Eden Kane Helen Shapiro John Leyton Shirley Bassey John Leyton The Shadows The Highwaymen Helen Shapiro Elvis Presley Frankie Vaughan Danny Williams Artist Cliff Richard andThe ShadowsElvis Presley The Shadows B. 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